{"id":135,"date":"2014-06-03T00:14:51","date_gmt":"2014-06-02T22:14:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/?p=135"},"modified":"2014-07-26T14:46:18","modified_gmt":"2014-07-26T12:46:18","slug":"murmuration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/murmuration\/","title":{"rendered":"MURMURATION"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"padding-bottom:15px; padding-top:2px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/dot.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top: 5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Linkedin\");var hupso_background_t=\"#84FF5E\";var hupso_border_t=\"#FFE959\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"SwarmStrength\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"MURMURATION\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div><p>It comes defined &#8220;MURMURATION&#8221; a Starling flock.\u00a0This term\u00a0describes the rustle caused by thousands of wings that move in unison as if they would be words whispered. Starlings<span style=\"color: #252525;\">\u00a0are small to medium-sized\u00a0<\/span>passerine<span style=\"color: #252525;\">\u00a0<\/span>birds<span style=\"color: #252525;\">\u00a0in the\u00a0<\/span>family<span style=\"color: #252525;\">\u00a0<\/span>Sturnidae<span style=\"color: #252525;\">.\u00a0<\/span> <!--more--><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_306\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/starling.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-306\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-306 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/starling-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"starling\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/starling-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/starling.jpg 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-306\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Common starling &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/birdsaspoetry\/10722395945\/in\/photolist-dWw7Fy-gPgLg9-gNPe4G-7crtYD-bBCP7n-76eojn-gVFW3Y-e6KisL-ju22s9-eaSjQ9-hkv5KB-hwNaS1-npwk3M-kJRRZG-hbAZT5-iDfJd-cKWxzQ-mmBQ2f-nzigr7-buKHoP-6k2SkN-8EQDM8-b6TiBx-5CPRms-5HidcB-ctjvzj-8Xa5xE-jAwZY2-5MaodT-7qmNLL-jrg5fe-hgAwR7-dJcaQX-8kAHPZ-6zjhAN-jJo54V-nqFH6e-asgLMR-dmhZ77-nqBeUJ-dfcyq2-dckKqg-8dSZ4R-cWbbsw-4LcHSC-6Q9KoY-nw2yHu-5XwiVN-nqPVyz-hLqSgW\" target=\"blank\">CC License by David Jenkins<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The way in which a flock changes shape like if it would be liquid, is one of the most spectacular events in the natural world. Thousands of birds that come to Britain&#8217;s milder Atlantic climate to escape the harsh cold of the European continent, especially in Scandinavia.<\/p>\n<p>There are several reasons to get together in the way they do \u2013 safety in numbers, information exchange \u00a0and warmth at night through roosting together. The birds may feed up to 20 miles from their winter roost but return each evening. Watching the perfect synchronization of a starling flock in flight, many researchers \u00a0have wondered if the birds aren\u2019t actually a single organism, governed by something beyond the usual rules of biology. The latest researches seem suggests that\u2019s true. Mathematical analysis of flock dynamics show how each starling\u2019s movement is influenced by every other starling, and vice versa. It doesn\u2019t matter how large a flock is, or if two birds are on opposite sides. It\u2019s as if every individual is connected to the same network.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_331\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/6888958631_07d7307079.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-331\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-331 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/6888958631_07d7307079.jpg\" alt=\"6888958631_07d7307079\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/6888958631_07d7307079.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/6888958631_07d7307079-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-331\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Starlin flock &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/picfix\/6888958631\/in\/photolist-9627iL-5HidcB-9bLirj-jomckx-buKHoP-aWmCyM-4z6Jtr-4zaZ93-4zb1HE-4zaZtq-4zb1ud-4zaXU1-4z6H3D-4zb2qs-4z6L4B-4zb2aw-4z6KGx-4z6KYZ-4zb21W-4zb1To-4z6LxT-4zb335-4z6LKX-4z6LQ4-4z6LJa-dYZDy4-6LgPR-4wGo5f-nubLLN-3Avo1D-6LgTX-cKWxzQ-h9fSjs-gaCZp8-gL6ECv-961pM7-961oTu-95Xn5v-95XmmR-95XkyR-95Xm1p-961paQ-961q9f-95Xmd6-961pxU-33eqUU-kC5Y-949rnC-8W8fYV-h92RMT\" target=\"blank\">CC License by Ray Wewerka<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>This phenomenon is known as scale-free correlation, and transcends biology:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The change in the behavioral state of one animal affects and is affected by that of all other animals in the group, no matter how large the group is. Scale-free correlations provide each animal with an effective perception range much larger than the direct interindividual interaction range, thus enhancing global response to perturbations. Our results suggest that flocks behave as critical systems, poised to respond maximally to environmental perturbations.&#8221; &#8211; Giorgio Parisi in a June 14,\u00a0<em style=\"font-weight: inherit;\">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em>\u00a0paper \u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"Scale-free correlations in starling flocks\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/early\/2010\/06\/11\/1005766107.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">Scale-free correlations in starling flocks<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Parisi and his team recorded starling flocks near Rome. Some with just over 100 birds, and others more than 4,000. Regardless of size, the correlations of a bird\u2019s orientation and velocity with the other birds\u2019 orientation and velocity didn\u2019t vary. If any one bird changed direction and speed, so did all the others.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;More analysis is necessary to prove this definitively, but our results suggest that starling flocks are a critical system&#8221;, said the\u00a0physicist Irene Giardina (co-author of\u00a0Giorgio Parisi) at\u00a0University of Rome. Many biologists confirm that actually their near-instantaneous signal-processing speed remains a mystery to us.<\/p>\n<p class=\"adAvoidedButFlowable\" style=\"color: rgba(31, 31, 31, 0.85098);\">\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:15px; padding-top:2px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/dot.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top: 5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Linkedin\");var hupso_background_t=\"#84FF5E\";var hupso_border_t=\"#FFE959\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"SwarmStrength\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"MURMURATION\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It comes defined &#8220;MURMURATION&#8221; a Starling flock.\u00a0This term\u00a0describes the rustle caused by thousands of wings that move in unison as if they would be words whispered. Starlings\u00a0are small to medium-sized\u00a0passerine\u00a0birds\u00a0in the\u00a0family\u00a0Sturnidae.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[46],"tags":[21,23,22,19,13,20,16,17,24,31,32,18],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":395,"href":"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135\/revisions\/395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.swarm-intelligence.it\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}